Typically, its UV-Vis-NIR spectrum shows one transversal surface plasma peak at about 498 nm and one longitudinal peak at about 1,720 nm.
Samples from surfaces or transversal sections (obtained by fracture in liquid N2) were dried and coated with gold in a SCD 050 sputter coater (Oerlikon-Balzers, Balzers, Lichtenstein).
The leaf segmentation algorithm aims at obtaining a sagittal (left and right parts) and transversal (adaxial and abaxial surfaces: see Figure 5.d) segmentation.
In the section preparation used for this study, certain cells were viewed not only in section across longitudinal walls but were observed in addition to present intact inner surfaces of transversal cell walls – see asterisk in Fig. 9a.
Samples from surfaces or transversal sections (obtained by fracture in liquid N2) were oven dried and coated with Au in a SCD 050 sputter coater (Oerlikon-Balzers, Balzers, Liechtenstein) Sample imaging was carried out using the scanning electron microscopes, models DSM 960 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) or JSM 5900LV (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan).
In this context, our goal is to lay out a given amount of material in the volume of a shell assuming that the distribution in the direction transversal to its middle surface S is homogeneous.
Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques were used for the analysis of the surface and transversal section of the joint.
This includes transversal forces, steady drag forces, surface tension effects, and hydrodynamic bubble bubble and bubble wall interactions.
Steel plates are glued on one side only by epoxy-adhesive into longitudinal grooves in order to allow the free swelling and shrinkage of the wood in the direction transversal to the plate glueing surface, thus reducing the risk of plate delamination.
Acidic conditions may increase the specific surface area, possible transversal breakage and fiber shortening.
