We therefore hypothesize that, in addition to the MER53 transposition effect, segmental duplication events may have contributed to the expansion of the hsa-mir-1302 hsa-mir-1302 hsa-mir-1302
Because the result (product) of two transpositions is also a transposition, the effect of multiple transpositions is to define a complex route in the matrix, which in itself would be difficult to describe by any simple mnemonic.
However, to be spread to subsequent generations, such selfish elements must be activated in the germ line; moreover, they should be restricted to these tissues to limit the mutagenic effects of transposition in soma, which may reduce the fitness of transgenic mosquitoes [ 12].
As a measure of genome defense, organisms often methylate these elements (and adjacent genes) in an attempt to silence them and prevent adverse effects of random transposition (reviewed in [ 3]).
Recent research on the effects of letter transposition in Indo-European Languages has shown that readers are surprisingly tolerant of these manipulations in a range of tasks.
Natural selection favours bacterial hosts that evolve the ability to suppress transposition bursts in response to the amplified effects of deleterious mutations [ 57, 68].
This seminal science-fiction movie was in effect a transposition to outer space of a Conrad novel about a run-down tramp steamer picking up a lethally dangerous passenger from a remote island.
We analyzed seven TE families in four natural populations of each species to tease apart the effects of mating system, demography, transposition, and selection in determining patterns of TE diversity.
They include stochastic loss of transposable elements [ 1], transposition bursts in response to environmental stressors [ 36], and differences in effective population sizes that render selection against the deleterious effects of transposable elements more or less effective [ 10].
Here, we replace the transposition T in Equation 3 by the conjugate transposition H to process the columns of the complex equivalent dictionary D in the CSR system.
