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In this review, we highlight the importance of studying membrane transporters in an appropriate membrane model, and present opportunities for the community to glean understanding and insight into SLC6 transporter structure and function in particular transport mechanism(s)—when both membrane lipids and endogenous lipid modulators are considered.
These parameters are listed in Table 2 and represented in Fig. 4 in the context of the transporter structure.
Loland, C. J., Norgaard-Nielsen, K. & Gether, U. Probing dopamine transporter structure and function by Zn2+-site engineering.
Manepalli, S., Surratt, C. K., Madura, J. D. & Nolan, T. L. Monoamine transporter structure, function, dynamics, and drug discovery: a computational perspective.
Manepalli, S., Surratt, C. K., Madura, J. D. & Nolan, T. L. Monoamine Transporter Structure, Function, Dynamics, and Drug Discovery: A Computational Perspective.
SLC6 transporters are membrane proteins, yet their transport mechanism(s) have largely been studied without considering the impacts of synaptic lipid composition, or endogenous lipid modulators, on transporter structure and function.
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During 2002 2012, nine prokaryotic ABC transporter structures and two eukaryotic structures have been solved to medium resolution.
Recently obtained ATP-free and ATP-bound structures of zebrafish CFTR revealed an unwound segment of transmembrane helix (TM) 8, which appears to be a unique feature of CFTR not present in other ATP-binding cassette transporter structures.
Although these studies have illuminated multiple aspects of transporter structures and dynamics, a number of questions remain unresolved that so far hinder understanding transport mechanisms in an energy landscape perspective.
With the number of resolved membrane transporter structures increasing and the development of computational tools, in silico analysis are expected to greatly facilitate substrate or inhibitor discovery in transporter study.
Comparing these two homologous transporter structures, Deng et al. [ 12] were able to hypothesize four intermediate conformational shifts during glucose binding and diffusion.
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