Our data supported that Slc39a13 functions as a Zn transporter controlling intracellular Zn distribution, although we cannot exclude the possibility that Slc39a13 may transport other metals, like Slc39a2/Zip2 for iron and calcium [70], Slc39a14/Zip14 for iron [71], and Slc39a8/Zip8 for cadmium [72].
This DS/Cu complex can transport Cu into cancer cells in a Ctr1-independent manner, (Cen et al, 2004) thus overcoming the transporter controlled regulation of intracellular Cu homoeostasis.
For example, channels and transporters control the movements of ions across membranes, SNAREs direct the fusion of vesicles at the synapse, and motors move cargo throughout the cell.
Cellular transporters control the uptake, distribution and elimination of drugs.
Several transporters control cholesterol efflux, but the most important is ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (A1CA1).
TH transporters control TH homeostasis in brain as evidenced by the complex endocrine and neurological phenotype of patients with mutations in monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8).
Testing strategies similar to those used in drug research (International Transporter Consortium et al. 2010) can be used to determine which transporters control the entry and exit of each sweetener type through intestinal cellular barriers.
Taken together, these results indicate that VB astrocytes express receptors that are inaccessible to synaptically released glutamate, and that excitatory amino acid transporters control access to these receptors, as has been demonstrated for neuronal synaptic activation (Kidd & Isaac, 2001; Campbell & Hablitz, 2004).
Detoxification in the liver is performed primarily in hepatocytes, with blood flow determining the supply to the liver, and drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters controlling cellular turnover.
