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In analyses designed to determine whether inhibitors of Pgp interacted with the transporter differently than transport substrates, the close contacts between protein and docked ligands of the preferred docking clusters on all 26 nonredundant Pgp structures of the inhibitors and transport substrates listed in Table S1 of the Supporting Information were compared.
The ABC transporters are primary active transporters that utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport substrates across the membrane.
The ATPase activity of the ABC transporters is stimulated in the presence of transport substrates.
Among the cephalosporin transporters, the MRPs and OATs at the BBB and BCSFB are believed to transport substrates from brain (and CSF) to blood as efflux transporters [ 13– 15].
In contrast, AcrB-like transporters utilize PMF across the bacterial inner membrane to transport substrates, either within an aqueous environment or at the aqueous membrane interface.
Transporters are membrane proteins that typically utilize external energy to transport substrates across cellular membranes.
Most members of this family use ATP to transport substrates across lipid membranes, and hence are referred to as ABC transporters.
ABC transporters may be importers or exporters depending on the direction in which they transport substrates [2].
RND proteins unidirectionally transport substrates between two distinct micro-environments not necessarily separated by a biological membrane.
99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) and 99mTc-tetrofosmin (TF) are avid transport substrates recognized by the multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein (Pgp).
Xylan synthesis thus requires the coordinated action and regulation of these synthetic enzymes as well as others that synthesize and transport substrates into the Golgi.
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