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PEDOT PSS is used as the hole injection/transport layer (HIL/HTL), and TPBI serves as the electron transport layer (ETL).
An, Q. et al. High performance planar perovskite solar cells by ZnO electron transport layer engineering.
size) of the TCP protocol in the transport layer so that TCP throughput is improved.
In the figure, the application layer passes the data to the transport layer.
The transport layer arranges the data into segments and appends a TCP header to each segment.
TCP is the most widely used transport layer protocol.
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In a typical planar-type PSC, the perovskite absorber usually inserts between the electron-transport layer (ETL) and the hole-transport layer (HTL) to achieve inverted p i n or regular n i p configuration21.
Here, ITO, HTL, ETL, and M are abbreviations for an indium-tin oxide anode, a hole-transport layer, an electron-transport layer, and a metal cathode.
Application-Transport layer- MAC/PHY layer.
The HTTP traffic uses the transmission control protocol (TCP) as the transport-layer protocol.
These streams use user datagram protocol (UDP) as the transport-layer protocol.
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