Exact(2)
The invasion process involves several stages (transport, introduction, establishment, and spread), with sequential barriers (e.g. geographical, survival, reproductive, dispersion) that must be overcome by a species in order to reach, survive and spread in a new non-native territory (Richardson et al. 2000; Blackburn et al. 2011).
Invasion of a geographical location by exotic plant and animal species has been described as a multistep process involving transport, introduction, establishment, spread, and progressive impact on the ecology and human population (23 – 23 ).
Similar(58)
With saturnine red lights bathing the crowd and creating an otherworldly tone, Stevens and his band started with 'Redford (For Yia-Yia & Pappou)', a soft, soul-buffeting quasi-instrumental designed for the coo of wordless vocals, a suitably transporting introduction for a distinctive and stylised set.
The two sides co-operated effectively over the biggest upheaval in cargo transport, the introduction of standard containers in the 1960s and 1970s.More recently, however, the mood has shifted.
These circumstances changed after the mid-twentieth century with the advent of modern transport, the introduction of remote sensing instruments and methods, and the increasing emphasis on mechanistic analysis of generic landscape-forming processes.
Helicopters, also known as vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, are in general too expensive for civil aviation transport, but the introduction of large tilt-rotor aircraft might revolutionize the use of centre-city airports.
The reports said the plan could also include financing for a feasibility study on acquiring Osprey aircraft, American vertical-takeoff transport planes whose introduction last year to a Marine airfield on Okinawa set off protests.
As part of a plan to turn Tel Aviv into a car-free city, it has promoted two-wheel transport, with the introduction two years ago of Tel-O-Fun, an Israeli version of Boris bikes, available for hire at around £8 for two and a half hours.
The freeway has been adapted to cater for public transport, with the introduction of bus priority measures in 1987, and the 2007 opening of the Mandurah railway line, constructed in the freeway median strip.
In recent years, a series of biological invasions including algae, mollusks, hydroids, bryozoans, ascidiaceans, and crustaceans occurred in marine environments because of involuntary transport or voluntary introduction, always with severe consequences not only for the local biodiversity but also from an economical perspective [123], [128] [130].
For decades, secondary contact between species mediated by incidental human transport or deliberate introduction has been recognized as potentially detrimental to native species [ 20- 23].
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