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To complete the transport cycle, the transporter must recycle back through an empty occluded state.
In uptake measurements the transporter completes the complete transport cycle, while in exchange measurements the sodium-bound transporter shuttles citrate from one side to the other.
The transport cycle of any transporter must follow thermodynamic laws.
Thank you for sending your work entitled "Coupled ion binding and structural transitions along the transport cycle of glutamate transporters" for consideration at eLife.
The knowledge about the transport cycle of plant sucrose transporters is, however, still very limited and dates back to the 1990s [8], [9].
Compared to an MFS transporter, an ABC transporter consumes much more energy in each transport cycle.
Biochemical and structural analyses have shown that many transporters undergo conformational changes during the transport cycle (Shimamura et al., 2010; Jiang, 2012a; Krishnamurthy and Gouaux, 2012).
Similar conformational changes in the transport cycle have been observed for ABC transporters.
Therefore, we consider hereafter that only one ATP molecule is consumed per transport cycle for a P-gp like transporter.
At the same time these novel sensors may help to record structural rearrangements that occur when transporter bind their ligands or which occur during the transport cycle.
The crystal structures available for MFS transporters support a "rocker-switch -like motion of the two bundles durocker-switch -likecycle.
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