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GSVD precoding at the source in conjunction with SVD precoding at the relay allows for the transmitter (source and relay) to beamform the signals towards the legitimate receivers (relay and destination), thus providing the latter with an advantage over the eavesdropper in the reception.
It is also assumed that the transmitter (source terminal) has no channel information, but only the receiver (destination terminal) has perfect channel state information (CSI), which can be acquired by applying the training-based channel estimation schemes as reported in [16], where the entire channel link from source terminal to destination terminal is only estimated at the destination terminal.
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Thus, as all transmitters (sources or relays) in each hop communicate with their assigned receivers (relays or destinations) in a random direction, all of the transmitting nodes are randomly distributed following a Poisson distribution with spatial density λ due to the random translation invariance property of PPP [24].
At the transmitter, the source bits are first modulated using Gray-coded M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) mapping block.
At the transmitter, the source S with binary values is a vector with the length L s, i.e., (phantom {dot {i}!}mathbf {S}=[S_{1}, cdot cdot cdot, S_{L_{s}}]).
The transmitter, the source of the electromagnetic field, was anchored on a tripod, and placed 40 cm above an elevated wooden walkway.
Note that in cognitive cooperative communication systems, both transmitters, namely source and relay, have to be aware about the interference threshold tolerated by the PU.
By carefully arranging the transmission process and applying superposition coding at transmitters, each source can be assisted by all the other nodes, including relays and other sources; by utilizing the linear ZF decoding in terms of RRDF transmission scheme, the reuse of the relay-destination links can be achievable in the scenario with a general inter-relay interference.
The transmitter at the source node sends a signal x.
The transmitter is a source that produces coherent states of a certain amplitude α.
The second source transmitter (S B ) USRP is connected to the first by the MIMO expansion cable.
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