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In order to achieve multiplexing or capacity gain, independent data are transmitted from different transmit antennas.
The waveforms transmitted from different transmit antennas are considered orthogonal, and the cross-correlation between different transmit waveforms is ignored.
(3) BS synchronization: To guarantee the mitigation of inter-cell interference, the desired signal components transmitted from different collaborative BSs to the target mobile user must arrive synchronously.
In non-optimal training signal, training signals simultaneously transmitted from different antennas collide and interfere each other, which degrades the LMMSE channel estimation performance.
To reduce interference of the pilot symbols transmitted from different antennas, an algorithm to guarantee that pilot symbols are disjoint from any other transmitter pilot set is proposed.
The received signal at an antenna is given by a linear combination of the data symbols transmitted from different transmit antennas.
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This is because the optimal training signal is designed such that training signals transmitted from the different antennas are orthogonal.
In the case of one available spatial stream the STF parser also performs fast antenna cycling, that is, every subcarrier is transmitted from a different antenna.
In these schemes, a nonzero (but known) symbol timing offset is introduced between the signals transmitted from the different transmitters to improve the performance of MIMO systems.
Important findings revealed on optimal training signals are twofold: (i) the energies of the training signals on each subcarrier are equal, and (ii) on each subcarrier, the training signals transmitted from the different antennas are orthogonal and of equal energy.
On the basis of the analysis, we clearly reveal that the training signal that satisfies the following is optimal: (i) the energy of the training signal on each subcarrier is equal, and (ii) on each subcarrier, the training signals transmitted from the different antennas are orthogonal and of equal energy.
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