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Epidemiological studies and airborne transmission studies using the ferret model have shown that the transmission efficiency of 2009 H1N1 viruses is lower than that of previous seasonal strains and the 1918 pandemic H1N1 strain.
Until ongoing transmission studies using "bovinized" transgenic mice are completed, the possibility that the affected sea bream brain tissue might be infectious, must be taken seriously in any consideration to lift EU feed bans, especially those related to farmed fish.
Epidemiological [6], [7], [8] and transmission studies using the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) animal model [9] have shown that the efficiency of transmission of these viruses is lower than that of the prototypic 1918 pandemic H1N1 (A/South Carolina/1/1918 or SC18) and the 2007-08 seasonal H1N1 (A/Brisbane/59/2007 or Bris07) influenza A viruses.
To confirm this possibility and to assess a potential effect on disease control and public health, in vivo transmission studies using transgenic mouse models and cattle are ongoing.
It is laudable that in vivo transmission studies using transgenic mouse models and cattle are under way, which will sort out these findings conclusively.
Further analysis, including vector transmission studies using Leishmania mutants deleted for the HASPB gene, should be informative in determining the function of this unusual protein in the Leishmania life cycle.
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In addition, this result showed that a transmission study using experimental animals is a useful approach for the isolation and characterization of prion strains.
Further, the transmission study using ovinized PrP expressing mice is under consideration, and it may help to solve this question.
A profound bottleneck has also been recently reported in an HCV transmission study using ultradeep sequencing on early infection samples [29].
We performed a transmission study using mice to clarify the characteristics of the most recent case of scrapie in Japan.
Although there was no evidence of successful transmission in the present study, very low infectivity of M2C PrPSc was reported in a transmission study using other PrP-humanized knock-in mouse lines [ 13].
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