It may also be assumed that disinfection was important in limiting the number of cases of other diseases known to be capable of waterborne transmission, i.e., cholera, amebiasis, shigellosis, salmonellosis, and hepatitis A. Even though modern treatment has eliminated water as a major vehicle of infectious disease transmission, outbreaks still occur.
Our schema is very complete and it covers many aspects of sample sources, samples, laboratory processes, molecular sequences, phylogenetics results, clinical tests and results, clinical information, treatments, pathogens, transmissions, outbreaks and bibliographic information.
There was no evidence of transmission of outbreak plasmids to other Gram-negative clinical isolates, although blaNDM variants were present in other isolates in different genetic contexts.
We analyzed outbreaks by their primary mode of transmission; however, outbreak-related infections could be transmitted by a variety of modes (e.g., several illnesses were transmitted from person-to-person in an outbreak linked to spinach).
Approaches such as MLST also lack the resolution needed to reconstruct chains of transmission within outbreaks, tending instead to lump together all isolates from an outbreak together as 'indistinguishable' members of the same sequence type.
Contaminated water and food are the most common routes of cholera transmission during outbreaks [ 2].
Harris JP, Lopman BA, Cooper BS, et al. Does spatial proximity drive norovirus transmission during outbreaks in hospitals?
As such, their impact on disease transmission during outbreaks may have been underestimated [ 7- 9].
The risk for transmission and outbreaks remains high in the many parts of the world with suitable mosquito vectors.
