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Daily clinical assessment of inoculated and contact ferrets provides an additional means to evaluate the effects of virus infection and transmission effectiveness.
However, the continued effectiveness of vaccination efforts depends on the interaction of numerous socio-demographic and systemic factors that define patterns of measles transmission, effectiveness of vaccination programs, and survival of infected children.
We expect the possibility of bistability when the relative life-cycle transmission effectiveness of clinically immune individuals is high.
In particular, we found that the key quantity is the life-cycle "transmission effectiveness" of clinically immune individuals, relative to non-immune individuals.
Thus, if the duration of immunity is long, even a small amount of extra transmission effectiveness by clinically immune individuals could lead to bistability.
Although certain aspects of malaria are well studied, it is surprisingly difficult to find information bearing directly on the components of transmission effectiveness, particularly in clinically immune individuals.
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Being near (5 feet or less) to the ocean reduces the directed energy transmissions effectiveness by at least 75%.
Treatment of such patients with FFP or prothrombin complex concentrates may be associated with possible virus transmission, variable effectiveness, and volume overload [ 19].
To determine the extent and pattern of influenza transmission and effectiveness of containment measures, we investigated dual outbreaks of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and influenza A (H3N2) that had occurred on a cruise ship in May 2009.
HIV-1 drug-resistance transmission compromises the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.
Of course, this uncertainty is rapidly reduced as the outbreak progresses and information concerning symptoms of infection, the biology of the infectious agent, the epidemiology of transmission, and the effectiveness of health precautions and intervention is collected and disseminated.
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