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Systemic chemicals are absorbed by and translocated within the plant, restricting the spread and development of pathogens by direct or indirect toxic effects or by increasing the ability of the host to resist infection.
Systemic herbicides are likely to be more effective at killing dense wilding infestations as these herbicides can be translocated within the plant system to tissues that may be remote from the point of absorption.
In a study with wheat (T. aestivum) and rapeseed (B. napus) exposed to 14C-radiolabeled MWCNTs (10 100 mg L−1) in a hydroponic culture medium [171] it was demonstrated that less than 0.005 ‰ (≈ 200 ng g−1 plant dry matter) of the total applied nanomaterial, was taken up and translocated within the plants without beneficial or detrimental effects.
The presence of goats in Cyprus 10,000 years ago [35] suggests that goats could have been translocated within the domestication area since the first domestication events.
For lobsters translocated within Tasmania, growth of all translocated lobster exceeded growth of resident lobsters at the sites to which they were translocated by 3 to 6 mm yr−1 in the first year after translocation (Fig. 2a, Table 2), and was more than four times the growth rate of lobsters at the source site Maatsuyker island, 6.4±0.5 mm c.f 1.4±0.06 mm yr−1 (F1,362 = 121, p<0.0005).
All six translocated individuals originated from the grid system CS7, and except for one individual, all were translocated within CS7.
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Drug carriers that efficiently piggyback drugs into the brain after peripheral administration would be expected to first localize to the brain then rapidly translocate within the parenchyma, and then perhaps eventually emerge in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Particles can be constrained to move within a compartment (3D) or a membrane (2D motion), or are allowed to translocate within compartments while considering user-specified membrane permeability.
DNA transposons are discrete DNA elements that are able to translocate within the cellular genome by excision and reinsertion mediated by a transposase, which can be encoded by the transposable DNA element or can be located elsewhere in the genome.
While control nuclei could easily translocate within the myotube, nuclei from P1-deficient cells migrate to a lesser extent or sometimes seem not to move at all (Fig. 5A).
The human Bromodomain PHD finger Transcription Factor gene (BPTF) shown here to be translocated resides within this breakable region.
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