We found that although the average translocation time per nucleotide is longer, in agreement with experiments, the DNA nucleotides do not translocate with a uniform speed.
Our data, together with the biochemical observation that Senataxin translocates with a 5′ to 3′ polarity, preferentially displacing DNA-RNA hybrids (Kim et al., 1999), suggest that Sen1 has a key role in coordinating head-on replication-transcription collisions.
The similarity of the Mcm2-7 spiral to DnaB raises the interesting possibility that the helicase might translocate with a step-size greater than one nucleotide per ATP consumed; consistent with this notion, a recent study has shown that the MCM N-terminal DNA-binding collar of Pyrococcus furiosus binds four nucleotides per subunit (Froelich et al., 2014).
In the latter scenario, all DLOs from GlcNAc-PP-dolichol to M5-DLO in the biosynthetic pathway would be rapidly translocated, with slower translocation being observed for higher-order structures.
In the case of conjugation, the translocation signal is carried by the relaxase [ 38,39], a protein that is covalently bound to ssDNA substrate and translocated with it [ 38,40].
Instead, these data support the enemy-release hypothesis predicting that not all parasites are translocated with their hosts and suggest that the Cane toad may have played an important spill-back role in their emergence and facilitated their dissemination.
There is also a translocation involving the ends of lentil linkage groups 1 and 5 that are translocated with respect to M. truncatula.
Specifically, As is translocated with Fe during redox-driven fluxes, whereas phosphate is not affected by redox.
The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis), a gastrointestinal parasite of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), has increased its global geographic range after being translocated with its host.
