We therefore postulated that the polyubiquitinated species observed in ESI-treated cells, may include a variety of polypeptides that had failed to translocate correctly across the ER membrane and were en route to proteasomal degradation.
We used confocal microscopy to examine the HEK293S cells that expressed OR131-2 receptors in order to verify if the expressed OR131-2 receptor is correctly translocated into the cell plasma membrane.
We assessed whether the mutant SF1 protein was correctly translocated into the nucleus.
The results suggest that it recognizes ribosomes after a defective translocation reaction and induces a back-translocation, thus giving EF-G a second chance to translocate the tRNAs correctly [ 72].
At low temperature, the synthetic rate of immature proteins decreases, which provides enough time for them to translocate and fold correctly without forming inclusion bodies, thus secretory proteins increase via the Sec pathway (Jong et al. 2010; Li et al. 2014).
However, the failure to correctly translocate and integrate such proteins results in the formation of misfolded proteins.
In BL21 DE3)/pET20b-torA-gadB, GadB was secreted via the Tat system in which the correctly folded proteins are directly translocated, and at higher, relevant enzymes are more active and membrane fluidity is better, so the highest extracellular GadB activity was observed for BL21 DE3)/pET20b-torA-gadB cells grown at 37 °C.
Disulfide bonds cross-link the proteins localized in the periplasm and outer membrane and would prevent an autotransporter protein from folding correctly and translocating subsequently across the outer membrane [41], [42].
However, unless the machine is correctly inserted into the membrane of mammalian cells, effectors will not be delivered (translocated) into the target cells.
In the nineteen-eighties, every individual that could be caught was captured and "translocated".
