As a translator: Study a language before your trip with the free Duolingo app, and supplement your knowledge with translation apps like Google Translate, which lets you type in words or hold the app over printed text to see an instant translation.
Those transcripts not in English were translated independently into English by two translators, either study researchers or linguistics experts from a local academic institution.
The article describes translational stylistics, a form of descriptive translation studies designed to raise and answer questions about why a translator or group of translators makes certain patterned choices in translations of one or more texts.
First and foremost, the Chinese translators who studied in a certain country or were proficient in a certain language often adopted one of the different connotations and definitions of ethnology in the West, especially in the US, the UK and continental Europe.
We use Squires' (2009) 14 criteria to evaluate cross-language nursing and health sciences research based around conceptual equivalence, translator credentials, translator role/competence and study methods, and consider their value as an heuristic or a guide to encourage reflexivity and fuller accounting of the justifications for the approaches taken.
An independent translator, unaffiliated with the study, translated the initial questionnaire constructed in English into the Korean version, and this version was then back-translated into English by the second author and an independent translator unaffiliated with the study.
Social psychologist Alan Fridlund at UC in Santa Barbara, says the researchers' level of immersion in the Trobrianders' culture gives them a unique perspective on threat displays, and not relying on translators improves the study's accuracy.
The experienced translators also translated all other study materials (introduction letter, confidentiality statement, etc).
As her English improves, she hopes to get a job as a translator and eventually study to be a laboratory technician.
If we have interpreters and translators, why bother studying difficult foreign sounds?
