This translational capability can increase the capacity and efficiency of safety assessments both for single chemicals and chemical mixtures.
The loss of functional SD sequences results in the lack of efficient translational capability and therefore results in a reduction or loss of protein production.
It is probable that the mRNA harbouring snoRNA genes has lost its translational capability, which is reported in many cases [ 43].
In academia, advances in genetics analyses and disease mechanisms have allowed scientific understanding to mature, but the lack of funding and translational capability severely limits the rare disease research that leads to clinical trials.
The rapidly induced animal tumors that potentiate the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect may not be representative of all human tumors; therefore, caution must be observed in predicting the translational capability of certain NPs evaluated in these models.
An example of this is ribosome biogenesis where, by having multiple copies of each gene encoding a subunit and employing elaborate feedback control, the cell can fine-tune its translational capability to its growth and energy status (Lempiainen and Shore, 2009).
miR-206 is also one out of the few miRs that were reported to have translational activation capabilities [32,33].
China is not building its translational medicine capability from scratch, however; some internationally recognized researchers there have been doing strong work in the field for decades.
Also, advances have been made in the design of genetically engineered bacterial strains with enhanced post-translational modification capabilities [ 17– 17].
To succeed in such biomarker-based drug development approach, a mature network of clinical trial sites with sound translational medicine capability is a prerequisite.
Gallie [ 31] pointed out that the reason underlying the omega's element's translational enhancement capability is its functional similarity to a 5'-cap and a poly(A) tail.
