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LT: Right now there are around one thousand vetted translators in the Translators without Borders community, out of nearly three thousand who have taken our translation tests.
The findings showed no significant difference between the L2 learners' performance regarding the translation tests.
In addition, the researcher made use of two comprehension tests consisting of the same collocations covered in the translation tests.
To identify species' associations with topographic habitats, torus translation tests were performed on the 272 species having ≥50 stems in the plot (Chuyong et al. [2011]).
Based on the sequence of the mouse and hamster cDNAs, optimal antisense RNA fragments were selected from preliminary in vitro translation tests.
For example, in an investigation conducted by Marton (1977) on Polish learners' collocational knowledge along with their capability to apply these collocations, multiple translation tests were taken by the participants as pre-test and post-test.
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Phase I involved iterative forward backward translation, testing of content validity (CVI) and a pretest.
The main instruments utilized for data collection were two tests, a translation test (containing 40 idioms in sentences) and a value-judgement test (containing 30 items).
The obtained data through t-test from the translation test showed that both high and low proficient groups used knowledge of their first language, but the low proficient group used considerably more than the high proficient group.
While CSOFT is hoping to push Stepes to the 50,000 professional translators it already has on its books, it will also be doing some pre-screening of new sign-ups — including a screen translation test — again with an eye on quality.
In general, there are four major stages (figure 1) involved in a linguistic validation: forward translation, quality control through backward translation, test of understanding or cognitive debriefing, international harmonization.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com