When warranted, the original translators of the questionnaire created a new harmonized translation of problem words or sentences and the back translator created a new back translation for review by a survey research expert.
The benchmark problems include translations of problems that have been frequently used in the development of algorithms, as well as new problems based on chemical rate equations.
Therefore, it is questionable if the observed effects are due to the execution of arithmetic strategies or due to the translation of the problems into a more abstract representation that can then be subjected to familiar arithmetic problem solving strategies.
One of the most challenging steps in learning algebra is the translation of word problems into symbolic notation.
Mathematical relations may be mentally spatially represented, such as the translation of word problems into equations (Geary, 1995).
Additionally, unlike the Chebyshev polynomial method, the Fibonacci approach does not require interval translation of the problem to an appropriate domain.
For this study, we analysed the following sections of the AVTK survey: 1) Socio-demographic data, and 2) Finnish translation of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), [ 20] where the sum of 9 items was computed, maximum points being 27, using a 4-point Likert scale with 0 = never, to 3 = almost always.
By including translations of these problems that were previously not easily accessible, the collection has an immediate value for those actively developing algorithms in this area.
Respondents saw benefits of multi-language development for the motivation of developers and the translation of requirements, but problems in understandability and changeability.
Although, on balance, I tend to agree, I also believe that a sound theoretical understanding of translation problems can give translators one more arrow to their bow.
