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Both questionnaires were translated to Spanish using translation/back translation methodology, and then were administered to 44 women aged 60 80 twice, with an interval of 2 weeks.
The ENAT was translated into Dutch using an established translation methodology [ 12], which comprised the following stages: An initial forward translation was undertaken by two independent bilingual translators (CD and IB) whose mother tongue was the target language (Dutch).
The PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module was translated into Chinese following PedsQLTM Measurement Model Translation Methodology.
Back translation methodology was followed with three independent translators, along with a test of the target language version with monolingual subjects [ 32].
The PedsQL™ 3.0 Asthma Module was translated into Chinese following the PedsQL™ Measurement Model Translation Methodology.
The FACT-G has been translated into 43 different languages using an established and rigorous translation methodology (Bonomi et al, 1996).
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Studies comparing different translation methodologies have been conducted [15, 16, 17] and found that the different translations had similar measurement properties and resulted in reliable measures.
The mandate of Pan-InfORM is to develop knowledge translation methodologies with the aim of bridging the gaps between theory, policy, and practice [ 1].
The questionnaires were translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans where translated versions were not available, using a forward-translation, back-translation methodology.
All study-related documentation was translated into each target country's local language using one forward- and one back-translation methodology in line with best practice [ 18].
Through ongoing leadership, as well as financial and administrative support, the Malawi Ministry of Health has strongly signalled its intention to utilize a knowledge translation platform methodology to support evidence-informed national health policy.
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translation basis
localization methodology
expression methodology
translation design
translation process
translation practice
interpretation methodology
translation route
application methodology
translation methodological
conversion methodology
translation procedures
translation practices
translation systematic
translation processes
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