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Studies comparing different translation methodologies have been conducted [15, 16, 17] and found that the different translations had similar measurement properties and resulted in reliable measures.
The mandate of Pan-InfORM is to develop knowledge translation methodologies with the aim of bridging the gaps between theory, policy, and practice [ 1].
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Both questionnaires were translated to Spanish using translation/back translation methodology, and then were administered to 44 women aged 60 80 twice, with an interval of 2 weeks.
The ENAT was translated into Dutch using an established translation methodology [ 12], which comprised the following stages: An initial forward translation was undertaken by two independent bilingual translators (CD and IB) whose mother tongue was the target language (Dutch).
The PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module was translated into Chinese following PedsQLTM Measurement Model Translation Methodology.
Back translation methodology was followed with three independent translators, along with a test of the target language version with monolingual subjects [ 32].
The PedsQL™ 3.0 Asthma Module was translated into Chinese following the PedsQL™ Measurement Model Translation Methodology.
The FACT-G has been translated into 43 different languages using an established and rigorous translation methodology (Bonomi et al, 1996).
The instruments were developed in the English language; then translated into Portuguese by native language speakers, using a cross-cultural forward translation methodology [ 25, 26].
At all phases translation has been conducted using two forward, one backwards translation methodology, where two independent forward translations are harmonized and then back-translated to confirm accuracy of the translation.
There is significant, at times acrimonious debate regarding which English translation of the Tao Te Ching is preferable, and which particular translation methodology is best.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com