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Overall, the knowledge translation, methodological considerations, and contextual factor components of the Framework are intended to guide the research process and its translation into programs and policy.
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Its development occurred under rigorous methodological requirements regarding translation, back-translation, cultural adaptation and study of psychometric properties [ 8].
A possible explanation for this difference in results between original questionnaires and their translated counterparts is the poor methodological quality of the translation process and/or lack of cross-cultural validation [ 3, 4].
There are two translations of the NDI in Turkish: one translation process was of excellent methodological quality, [ 47] and one of fair methodological quality [ 48].
There are two translations of the NPDS as well: one translation process was of poor methodological quality, [ 21] and one of fair methodological quality [ 48].
We followed the standard methodological process of translation by two professional translators, consensus by a review committee, determination of conceptual equivalence by three expert groups, and a pre-test with nurses.
The pros and cons of different methods of translation require exploration with further methodological research.
Furthermore, even if the existing methods have provided the necessary proof of principle of concepts and methodological steps, their translation to the clinic is hindered by several ethical, safety and technological factors and is complicated by the specific histological and anatomical features of the human pancreas.
The SDS was translated into the Catalan language, but no backward translation was performed, as recommended by methodological literature [ 52].
The translations were performed following international methodological recommendations for the linguistic & cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments.
Most of the translations were performed following international methodological recommendations for linguistic & cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments.
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