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Middleware interoperability solutions [3] facilitate this task, either by providing an infrastructure to translate messages into a common intermediary protocol, as is the case for Enterprise Service Buses [4], or by proposing a Domain Specific Language (DSL) to describe the translation logic and to generate corresponding bridges [5].
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This, in turn, leads to a natural translation of logic programs into open default theories.
It therefore seems that in that respect, Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis might be more compatible with eukaryotic membrane protein heterologous expression (Kunji et al., 2005), since they contain a translation arrest logic similar to the eukaryotic one.
Recently Gottlob proved [2] that there does not exist a faithful modular translation of default logic into autoepistemic logic, and presented a non-modular translation.
We define a translation from causal logic into classical logic that characterizes the semantics of arbitrary causal rules, without any restrictions on their syntactic form.
Recall that a translation from a logic L into a logic L′ is a mapping f between the respective sets of formulas which preserves derivability, that is: Γ⊢Lφ (in the source logic L) implies that f ⊢L′f (in the target logic L′).
We propose a new translation from normal logic programs with constraints under the answer set semantics to propositional logic.
The two poets discussed the process of translation, and the logic behind the way their reading was organized: by hearing the English first, you get the meaning; then, hearing the Basque, you get the music.
For example, the predicate logic translation of the axiom schema □A→A comes to ∀P ∀x[∀y(Rxy→Py) → Px].
In another fundamental contribution Friedman extends the double negation translation of intuitonistic logic to relate classical and intuitionistic set theories (Friedman 1973a).
Furthermore the implicit translation of those logics into well-understood fragments of predicate logic provides a wealth of information of interest to computer scientists.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com