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An item definition dictionary and translation instructions were then developed and the draft Flu-PRO instrument was translated into Spanish using methods to ensure conceptual equivalence [ 10].
The aim of this step was to ensure that the translation (instructions, items and response choices) was acceptable, understood in the way it was intended to be, and the language used was simple and appropriate for the target future users of the scale.
Finally, the translated questionnaire was tested in 5 cancer families, both in children and their guardians, to determine whether the translation (instructions, items and response choices) is acceptable, whether it is understood in the way it is supposed to be, and whether the language used is simple and appropriate.
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In this work, we present a domain specific language (DSL) called GDSL (Generic Decoder Specification Language) for specifying maintainable instruction decoders and the translation of instructions to a semantics.
Since the 1980s translators have been able to dip into vast TM databases containing whole sentences that have already been translated in a given language pair, helping them to speed up repetitive work, such as translating instruction manuals".Machine translation" is the next step.
Raw scores were converted to standard scores (z-scores) for each ethnic group, to eliminate the effects of possible differences between testers and the translation of instructions.
Nonprofits could, for example, use it to translate materials on agricultural techniques, says Tolle, and the technology can also be useful to companies that wish to speed up translation of instruction manuals or other material.
It will be a phrase book using the same concept, with the Greek phrases accompanied by their English translations and instructions on how to correctly pronounce them using English phonetics.
Here is a translation of their instructions.
An English translation of the instructions used in the experiments are included in the Supplementary Information.
The original translation of the instructions was too extensive and too complicated and patients were unable to complete this domain by themselves without difficulties.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com