The process of going from RNA to protein is called translation because we are, in effect, changing languages.
This study examines the importance of cap-dependent translation in mediating the effects of the IGF-I axis in mesothelioma.
Just about anyone who has ever entered a voting booth knows how indecipherable ballot questions can be, and that is why many states, like New Jersey, require that it be accompanied by, in effect, a translation.
A New Testament version of the Latin Clementine Vulgate (1941), intended as a revision, was in effect a new translation into clear and simple English.
Using this assay we identify doxorubicin (DXR) as a compound that specifically interferes with the GAr effect on translation in yeast.
The arginine CGA codon is known to be a strong inhibitor of translation in yeast, and its inhibitory effect is due more to wobble decoding than tRNA abundance and may include interactions after the initial decoding (Letzring et al., 2010).
These data may also support a developmental switch in the control strength of mitochondrial transfer RNAs and, in particular, mt-tRNAGlu in mitochondrial translation, suggesting that 16 30% steady-state levels of mt-tRNAGlu may have a profound effect on translation in muscle of neonates but may become less critical at later stages of development.
To further compare the GAr-mediated effect on protein expression in yeast and in mammalian cells, we used the GAr domain of a simian EBV-related virus that was shown to have no effect on translation in mammalian cells (Apcher et al., 2010; Apcher et al., 2009).
These studies have far-reaching implications, as the presence of 6meA at appropriate mRNA sites appears to play a fundamental regulatory role in mRNA translation, in addition to exerting varying effects on mRNA splicing and transport [ 72, 73].
Importantly, ISRIB treatment alone did not have general effects on translation in non-stressed cells, as revealed by the lack of substantial changes in RPFs in most cellular mRNAs, nor did it cause any significant changes in mRNA levels and mTOR target expression.
