Sentence examples for translated items from inspiring English sources
We retained the questions as written in the original Trust and Teambuilding Scale, but found it necessary to ensure conceptual equivalence of translated items, not literal translation [ 41].
As the emphasis was on conceptual rather than linguistic translations, some of the translated items took a different form from the UK original.
It involves having at least three judges rate the translations; if the judges agree that the translated items reflect the intentions of the originals, their judgments converge or are congruent (inter-subjective agreement) and provide an evidence for the logical validity of the translation.
Subsequently, local experts reviewed disagreements between the original and the translated items and discussed them with a team of translators and local counselors to optimize conceptual and semantic equivalence as well as acceptability and relevance to the local culture.
They discussed the original and translated items until a consensus was reached about the correct translation.
The judges, blinded to the translators and to each other's ratings, they rated the translated items for three factors: applicability (can these items be used by researchers in Lebanese NHs?), adaptability (are caregivers or the elderly able to answer or perform a task described in the items?), and suitability (are the items appropriate for the elderly in Lebanon?
A score of 3 or 4 indicates that the translated item is valid and equivalent to the English version [ 21].
Therefore these issues might better be investigated when data is being collected for calibrating the translated item bank.
The non-significant associations with Personal safety may be due to the narrow focus on criminality of this translated item, as interpreted by the participants.
Alternatively, both the original and the translated item can be reviewed for improvement as to make sure they are metrically equivalent.
If each translated item of the Thai SF-36 defined the same level of health as the original SF-36, the item means should cluster in the same order as hypothesized for the original SF-36.
