We wanted to translate fast-paced visual language onto ready-to-wear items that translate that vision".
mRNA templates containing disfavoured codon pairs in E. coli were translated faster than those containing over-represented CPs (Irwin et al., 1995).
For this reason, proteins which have to be highly expressed are globally enriched in codons associated to abundant tRNAs so that they can be translated faster [ 11, 12].
The codon best recognized by the anti-codon is preferred in highly expressed genes and may be translated faster than non-optimal codons with the consequence that ribosomes move faster along a mRNA molecule containing more optimal codons.
Consequently, mRNAs enriched in codons associated to abundant tRNAs (termed "optimal codons") will be translated faster than those using codons associated to tRNAs which are at low concentrations ("rare codons").
They estimated the in vivo translational speeds of all sense codons from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that preferentially-used codons are not translated faster than those unpreferred.
Keblinski et al. indicated that inside the solid particles, heat moves in a ballistic manner that involves multiple scattering from the solid/liquid interface, which plays a key role in translating fast thermal transport in particles into high overall conductivity of the nanofluids.
Here, we have devised a method of translating fast and precise macroscale flows to microscale flows using a monolithically integrated perforated membrane.
Proteins that are translated fast saturated at relatively low amounts of folded protein (apart from a single protein), while slowly translated proteins converged to higher saturation levels, if they saturated at all.
In our limited set of genes, we found that engineering SD-like motifs in genes that are translated fast would be easier than tampering with existing SDs in slow genes.
