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Considering that proteins translate effects of CNAs into the biological functions of the cell, further studies could integrate protein-protein interactions networks with gene-gene co-expression networks.
[For a brief review, see Burgess-Herbert and Euling (2011).] Ultimately, the most realistic approach is to translate effects through systems-level models where dynamic events are incorporated, such as chemical concentrations, homeostasis, effects over time, and species-specific parameters related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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This is largely due to insufficient data and unclear methodology for translating effects in terms of environmental and economic savings.
Both concepts utilise algorithms for translating effect concentrations (CA) or effects (IA) of the individual mixture components into expected combined effects, but are based on different assumptions.
Therefore, we investigated whether the differential effects of betamethasone and calcipotriol on HA observed in keratinocytes would translate into effects on epidermal thickness in vivo.
A simulation methodology is developed to translate the effects to circuit simulators.
To translate the effects of stress changes and their time dependency into seismicity, we have to know the real background seismicity rate r in Eq. (3).
However, those findings did not translate into effects on humans, nor did they lead to advances in understanding of human cancer.
Next, we attempted to translate the effects of TGF-β inhibition using animal models.
Nagging questions also remain about how best to translate health effects into economic values.
Since the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are poorly understood, it is difficult to translate chemical effects from rodents to humans.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com