Culture, in the broadest sense, mediates between the public and the private, bringing the claims of the private into public view, translating demands of the public for private understanding.
Having created a fairly reliable estimate of demand, the manager must next translate that demand into the number of workers needed, using an economics-based labor standard.
However, what these protests add up to is a purely negative gesture of angry rejection and an equally abstract demand for justice, lacking the ability to translate this demand into a concrete political programme.
The many complexities of scheduling can be captured through a process that comprises the following four major steps: (1) forecasting demand, (2) translating the demand forecast into employee requirements, (3) scheduling the employees, and (4) controlling the schedule as the day unfolds.
"Companies often implement collaborative planning and forecasting with upstream vendors and manufacturing partners, but they rarely translate these demand and production forecasts into transportation capacity requirements and share them with the carriers," says Adrian Gonzales, director of ARC's Logistics Executive Council.
Interrelationships exist, for instance, with regard to reputation loss as a pressure for SSCM implementation (Seuring and Müller 2008b) and reputational risks (Roehrich et al. 2014) or when customer pressures translate into demand risks (Tang 2006; Pfohl et al. 2010).
Without reliable access to functional, high-quality and cost-effective equipment and spare parts it is difficult to translate increased demand for maternal, newborn and child health services into lives saved.
The results show that in all six countries, the use of contraceptives and MCH care are significantly associated, independent of intervening factors; this finding suggests that families develop a joint demand for better-quality health and limited family size and translate these demands into action by using health services for mothers and for children and by voluntarily regulating fertility.
Shadid agrees, but says the need is now for the opposition to "translate the demands on the street into real political capital".
