This allowed to separate polysomes from monosomes, ribosomal subunits and messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) and enabled discrimination between efficiently translated (associated with heavy polysomes) and poorly translated (associated with light polysomes) mRNAs.
Polysomes are large complexes composed of translating ribosomes associated with mRNA transcripts which fractionate at the bottom of sucrose gradients.
For example, the specific activity of a biosynthetic pathway enzyme can be used to measure the reaction property of specific protein output per unit of translating RNA associated with a single gene in a crude extract of a pure culture of a bacterium.
Translated proteins associated with a disease should be in the top positions in the ranked list.
Mr. Moynihan voiced a logic widespread at the time, translating the disarray associated with poverty into a racial trait.
As Arun Kundnani says in his newbook, The Muslims are Coming, the social and political construction of racism in the post-9/11 period has relied in part on translating "cultural markers associated with Muslimness (forms of dress, rituals, languages) … into racial signifiers".
This effectively removes a codon from the alignment, reflecting the uncertainty in reconstructing the translated amino acid associated with the deletion.
A study by Richardson [ 32] translated the dose associated with amalgam exposure to compare to the Canadian chronic reference exposure level (REL) and found that the maximum number of amalgam surfaces was 4.4 and 7.3 for females and males respectively, before exceeding the Health Canada REL for Hg of 0.011 μg/kg-day.
However, this was difficult because the therapeutic relationship and associated complexities were difficult to translate into policy and associated guidelines and relied instead on individual, interpersonal skills.
We used mobile and participatory visual methods with greenspace users in order to investigate their everyday experiences and engagements with local greenspaces, and to understand how meanings associated with use translate (or not) into well-being benefits.
