The administration can help Africans make the transition from subsistence to commercial farming.
The very rapid transformation of upland farming in Laos was already raising much concern; many farmers were still ill-prepared to cope with the transition from subsistence to market-based livelihoods.
The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice.
Little Compton never made the transition from subsistence to large-scale farming operations, so these walls, many of them at least, were never taken down to enlarge the fields for the newer, larger and more efficient horse- and then steam-powered machinery.
It entails the selective modernization of pastoralism through the social engineering of a geographically demarcated transition from subsistence milk pastoralism to an investment-based ranching.
In agriculture, in Bangladesh and five African countries, the BRAC poultry, dairy, hybrid seed technology and micro-finance programs affect more than a half million smallholder farmers (the majority poor women), who each year are being given the means to transition from subsistence agriculture to becoming commercial business operators.
The transition from subsistence farming to cash crop farming offers the opportunity to increase income, but it also harbours considerable risks.
There is a market for farming mechanization services that can make a big difference for a smallholder farm and help it transition from subsistence farming to a more market-oriented farming enterprise, said FAO's Kienzle.
This effort was applied to communal lands nationwide, led by the Kenyan government and supported by the World Bank under the assumption that private property would be a more rational and productive basis to support the transition from subsistence pastoralism to a system of intensive livestock production (Oxby 1982, Nkedianye 2009).
92 Populations of small islands are especially susceptible to this phenomenon, probably as a result of strong genetic founder effects that interact with the recent transition from subsistence farming to Westernized lifestyles, where island food supplies now often depend heavily on imported foods that are energy dense and nutritionally deficient.
