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Homeostatic proliferation of infected transitional memory T cells (6) has been proposed as a source that could maintain the pool, but this does not explain persistence in the dominant central memory reservoir.
Similarly, SP CD21−CD27+, SP CD21+CD27−, DN CD21−CD27− B cells are believed to be naïve or in a transitional memory stage, as they are less efficient in antibody production following polyclonal stimulation without T helper cells.
However, their were functional differences in antibody production and cell proliferation between these two B cell subpopulation suggesting DP CD21+CD27+ B cells are memory cells and SP CD21+CD27− cells are in their naïve or transitional memory stage.
Proviruses were mainly found in TCM and transitional memory T cells (TTM) but not in TEM.
As anticipated, the expression of CD69 in untreated cells followed the pattern of cell differentiation with naïve T-cells < Tcm < transitional memory T cells (Ttm) < effector memory T cells (Tem).
New data shows that the central memory (TCM) and transitional memory (TTM) CD4+ T cells define major cellular reservoirs for HIV, where viral persistence occurs by two different mechanisms.
Similar(50)
All B-cell populations in the peripheral blood (naïve, transitional, switched memory, and memory B cells) were significantly reduced in DS children (Fig. 1A and B).
However, there were no differences among the 3 patient groups for this presumed transitional effector memory cell subtype.
In addition to the 6 major T cell phenotypes detailed, there were a number of transitional effector memory cell subtypes found within both the CD45RA+ and CD45RA− compartments.
In addition to the populations defined above, there were also transitional effector memory populations in both the CD45RA+ and CD45RA− compartments that differed from the TEMRA+ and TEM cells based upon their expression of CD27 and IL-7Rα.
A major impediment to this endeavor is that human B-cell subsets are currently defined by pauci-color flow cytometry protocols that are often limited to IgD, CD27, CD38 and CD24 staining to classify the major accepted populations (transitional, naïve, memory and plasmablast subsets).
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