For phrase transitions we tested if observed frequencies deviated from those predicted by a random model.
To test whether fast transitions were problematic, we tested whether stop consonants were more difficult than nonstop consonants when the number of features different was kept constant.
Finally, we added the intervention effect to the model as a known class variable, and compared a model with equal transition slopes across intervention arm (i.e. group main effect only) to a model with unequal transition slopes; that is, we tested the moderating effect of intervention arm on the multinomial regression of follow-up class on baseline class (see Figure S1, in Supplementary Material).
To investigate the influence of the terrestrial-aquatic transition on morphological diversity, we tested evolutionary models on the carnivoran phylogeny.
Finally, we tested whether transition in molar plan correlates with differential rates of diversification using the BISSE (Binary State Speciation and Extinction) model [ 55], also implemented in diversitree.
Here, we tested whether transitions within two ecological traits, habitat and life history, caused the increase in diversification rates of Oryza during the Pleistocene.
In the second experiment, we tested the impact of transition matrix, which indicates the degree of dependency between adjacent observations (bins).
We tested if transitions into new geographic areas provided Sigmodontinae opportunity to diversify; specifically we tested if inhabiting the Andes or tropical lowlands is correlated with higher speciation rates.
We tested the influence of transition/transversion rate ratio (k), and sequence divergence (t) on the performance of the new method for simultaneous estimation.
Since we have sufficient data such that np >= 5 and n(1 − p) >= 5 in all cases (n is the number of samples, and p is the probability of undergoing a transition), we conducted a z-test to compare the distribution at each time point after opotgenetic stimulation with the baseline distribution.
