The two processes are linked, as removal of water profoundly affects the physical properties of membrane phospholipids and leads to destructive events such as fusion, phase transitions and increased permeability.
In addition, apocynin abrogated thapsigargin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability transition pore opening, similar to chronic Akt activation.
These model systems are interrogated to understand the effects of pendant alkyl chain length material properties including modulus, glass transition temperature, solubility, diffusivity, and permeability of water.
Importantly, the cellular redox potential, represented by the GSH/GSSG and NAD(P H/NAD(P)+ ratios, and the absolute concentration of the species, determine when ROS production will accelerate by the activation of inner mitochondrial membrane ion channels (inner membrane anion channel, IMAC, and permeability transition pore, PTP).
This has been described by others and may involve cellular NADH loss and permeability transition [1].
Bcl-2 family proteins regulate the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane and permeability transition pore formation [ 67].
Aβ interacts with cyclofilin D [ 92], which causes mitochondrial swelling and permeability transition while the interaction of Aβ with Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase induces apoptosis [ 93].
Kumarswamya and colleagues [ 29] recently used Sf9 cells to demonstrate that cyosolic cytochrome-c release is an essential event for caspase activation during Lepidopteran apoptosis, and that cytochrome-c release might occur independent of mitochondrial membrane potential loss and permeability transition pore formation.
P32 may be involved in regulating the mitochondrial concentrations of Ca2+ and permeability transitions of the inner membrane in association with the PTP complex for releasing the cyto c [40].
Thus, H2O2 induced oxidative stress in cells causes the inner membrane of mitochondria (which is normally impermeable) to become permeable, leading to a "large amplitude swelling" (permeability transition) and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
