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In October 1884 an international conference held in Washington, D.C., adopted the meridian of the transit instrument at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, as the prime, or zero, meridian.
The recommendation of the 1884 delegates was that there should indeed be an internationally recognised meridian from which to calculate longitude and a universal day, and that it should be the one passing through the Royal Observatory's transit instrument.
An international conference held in Washington, D.C., in 1884 designated "the meridian passing through the centre of the transit instrument at the Observatory of Greenwich as the initial meridian for longitude".
A four-inch equatorial, a three-inch transit instrument, and four pendulum clocks with two chronometers, were also procured from the observatory at Modena.
The transit circle was capable of determining both right ascension and declination of a star, unlike the more simple and common transit instrument that can only determine the right ascension.
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The final output data of all transit instruments are included in star or planetary catalogs.
Astronomical transit instruments are usually refractors with apertures of 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches).
One of the most accurate astronomical transit instruments in the world is the U.S. Naval Observatory's 15-cm transit circle telescope (see photograph).
In COMESA transit facilitation instruments are being developed to improve road infrastructure.
But the transit was the instrument that really helped the most.
Potentially important by-product of the instrument, transit monitoring for characterization of exo-planets, is also described.
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