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Because primary cells are sensitive to artificial treatment, we used techniques that identified cell cycle stage (rather than cell synchronization) to minimize the risk of interfering with normal accumulation (or loss) of transient modifications.
Even though alterations in the histone landscape may be transient, modifications occurring during critical developmental windows can permanently alter the brain.
These transient modifications are dynamically established by enzymes which respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, and include methylation, histone acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, citrullination, sumoylation, and ADP ribosylation.
As transplantation of intact islets advances in clinical trials, clinical applications requiring direct modification of gene expression to improve islet survival and engraftment would likely rely on transient modifications that do not result in permanent integration of genetic constructs.
Various types of protein-protein interactions (PPI) have been documented, ranging from PPI that bring about assembly of stable protein complexes to PPI that cause transient modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) of target proteins.
The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in eukaryotic cells is in the low nanomolar range (~100 nM), and transient modifications of this concentration serve as an intracellular mechanism for cell signaling because of the existence of a variety of effectors that are sensitive to such transient increases.
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NK cells can be directed with antibodies, or engineered using either transient modification by electroporation of mRNA or prolonged gene expression by viral transduction.
The aim of this work was to design a therapeutic strategy before irradiation through a transient modification of thiol redox homeostasis in order to overcome radioresistance of HNSCC.
SUMO attachment is a reversible and highly transient modification.
Moreover, phosphorylation is a transient modification, so the protein in question could be present in both native and phosphorylated forms.
Addition of 200 mM sorbitol to the medium led to a massive and transient modification of the protein.
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