We unveil the relevance of transient memory that underlines the utility of the above mechanisms for intelligent knowledge management in artificial sensorimotor systems.
The capability of controlling reaction kinetics, making some reactions faster or slower than the others, gives rise to complex behaviors in diverse chemical and biological systems, for example as seen in the transient memory in bacterial chemotaxis29 and the oscillations in cell cycles30.
Cholinergic blockade by scopolamine, a central muscarinic receptor antagonist, may produce transient memory impairment in healthy subjects, and it has been used as a neurochemical model of cognitive degeneration in aged individuals.
Loss of consciousness, headaches, transient memory loss, slowed cognition, ringing in the ears and nausea are just a few of the symptoms that may or may not be present at the time of an injury.
However, the total asymptotic memory is still somewhat less than the total transient memory (1.57 vs. 1.96 bits).
Short term, or transient, memory is stored by the system for some time, and then 'forgotten' (see Fig. 4a,d).
In particular, the history-dependence of ion channel dynamics has long been recognized as a single-cell substrate for transient memory [34] [38].
Likewise, the three-dimensional readout (Spo, AprE, OD600) shows no more transient memory than is found in the sporulation pathway (1.96 bits), its most retentive member.
Like in the transient memory case, past growth medium is remembered better than past cell density, but unlike in the transient memory case, there is no perfectly clean dividing line separating out the long-term responses to the two growth media histories.
Because bacterial dynamics at every level of resolution operate within the limitations and potentials of nonlinear physical and biochemical dynamical systems, they must exhibit at least very short-term transient memory, and potentially longer term memory.
