Although CPB has potential risks of coagulation dysfunction, transient immunosuppression, and tumor dissemination [17, 18], no differences in clinical outcomes have been reported [19].
Although viral gene transfer is efficient in achieving transgene expression for tissue engineering, drawbacks of virus dissemination, toxicity and transient gene expression due to immune response have hindered its widespread application.
In other cases, the patients had sub-clinical or transient primary pulmonary infection followed by dissemination to the brain, skin, bones, and kidney [ 15].
A transient viremia in pigs is associated with dissemination of HEV into muscle and other tissues (11 ).
It also demonstrates the transient nature of the airborne route of dissemination, since on both sampling days in phase one there were periods where the spore count per m3 of air was below the limit of detection.
During metastasis dissemination, epithelial cancer cells can undergo a transient and reversible conversion into individual, motile and invasive mesenchymal cells to detach from the primary tumor, to disseminate into distant organs, and to form a cohesive secondary mass at a metastatic site, where they can re-differentiate to an epithelial-like status [ 15- 19].
Recent studies have confirmed that transient EMT is critical for circulating tumour cell survival and dissemination.
Transient fusion of infected macrophages with CCR2+ monocytes enabled bacterial transfer and subsequent dissemination, and interrupting this transfer so as to prolong mycobacterial sojourn in resident macrophages promoted clearing of infection.
Direct signaling between platelets and breast cancer cells has been found to induce tumor cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition, a transient and reversible process that promotes metastases by enhancing tumor cell motility, invasion, and dissemination of cancer cells out of the tumor microenvironment, in a breast tumor cell model [ 14].
Dead mice were all bacteremic with characteristic lesions in the lungs and spleen, whereas the surviving, lovastatin-treated mice had no bacteremia and no pathological lesions in their organs in day-10 after challenge; as transient bacteremia was not surveyed in this study, it was not possible to assess the role of lovastatin in preventing dissemination of Y. pestis.
