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Experiments with transgenic transfer of arcelin have raised doubts about the effectiveness of arcelin alone in providing resistance [ 6, 17] however the APA locus is associated with resistance in breeding pedigrees and inheritance studies [ 18, 19] although this can be lost upon backcrossing as in the case of recently-made near isogenic lines for some arcelin alleles [ 20].
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We, and many others, have found this TCR-transgenic transfer system problematic with respect to studying memory: The cells do not survive well and cannot be reactivated.
Several studies have reported transgenic rice transferring transgenes to red rice weed.
Next, we examined characteristics of 18-month old alloreactive T-cells in a transgenic adoptive transfer model.
However, studies using the Eµ-TCL1 transgenic adoptive transfer mouse model have demonstrated that the tumour, rather than transplantation into a secondary recipient, is responsible for the exhausted phenotype of splenic T cells (Gassner et al., 2015; McClanahan et al., 2015).
(E) Putative transgenic plants transferred to culture bottles on MS for rooting.
Leaves of transgenic lines transferred to the greenhouse were analysed for reporter gene activity.
The results we present here suggest caution in interpreting the data from the TCR-transgenic adoptive transfer models even in the primary response.
As the study of memory CD4 T cells using the TCR-transgenic adoptive transfer model is problematic [ 26, 27], we also followed the endogenous, polyclonal T cell response in normal and ICOS-deficient mice using MHC class II tetramers [ 28].
Our own analysis of the clonal expansion of small numbers of ICOS-deficient OT-II TCR-transgenic cells transferred into C57BL/6 mice and then immunized with OVA peptide in alum (or CFA) also showed impaired proliferation.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intra-articular injection and KRN transgenic mice serum transfer served as two mice arthritis models in this study.
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