With robust optimization ideas, the model is transformed to single-objective programming model according to three decision criteria, and solved with branch-and-bound algorithm by Lingo software.
The ancestor of the Syrphoctonus clade probably performed double-coiling, with coiling subsequently lost in the genus Woldstedtius and transformed to single-coiling on two separate occasions, in Fossatyloides gracilentus and Homotropus vitreus.
In order to achieve single optimal solution, the multi-objective model is transformed to a single objective optimization problem by weighted product method and the single optimum point is found by using genetic algorithm.
The PGHMM can easily be transformed to a single species alternative exon predictor by assuming a single input sequence and single node phylogenetic tree.
The developed second order nonlinear coupled differential equations are transformed to a single differential equation.
The problem is transformed to a single polynomial equation of degree eight and is solved by Laguerre's iteration.
The data contained on the individual spreadsheets were transformed to a single ASCII file for each territory, which could then be read by a wide range of software.
We should remark that some integrable equations can only be transformed to a single bilinear form while some of them can be written as a combination of bilinear forms.
These problems can be addressed partially with item response theory (IRT) modeling in which units are implicitly equated across measurement occasions, i.e., ability at different time points is transformed to a single scale (McArdle et al., 2009).
4D ultrafast electron microscopy showed [27] that upon photoexcitation, the Ti(IV =O bond is transformed to a single bond Ti III)–O− with a consequential dilation of the length of the double bond from 1.7 Å–2.5 Å.
