Sentence examples for transformed costs from inspiring English sources

The distributions of the transformed costs were however not much better than those of the untransformed costs.

Problem ((P_{1})): Minimize the transformed cost function J_{1}^{n}=p_{1}nlambda-p_{2}alpha y(n) by selecting λ and α.

Results of unadjusted (univariate) and adjusted (multivariate) linear regression models of natural log transformed cost estimates are provided in Table 5 for both a full and a parsimonious model.

However, sensitivity analysis shows that the distributions of original and transformed cost, stratified by the covariates used in the models, are substantially overlapped (data not shown).

Group comparisons of parametric data (natural logarithmic transformed cost data) were conducted using Student t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA).

To investigate the difference in cost between the groups, the transformed cost variable will be used as the dependent variable in a multivariable ordinary least square (OLS) regression model.

The KVA method uses an indicator that measures the result of knowledge per unit (Kμ), which transforms costs and investments in the same unit.

The rapid emergence of biosimilars is transforming cost competition in the biopharma industry, driving trends toward smaller, flexible single-use facilities and continuous biomanufacturing.

GLMs account for non-constant variance and maintain the original scale of the data, thus eliminating the need to transform cost data to achieve homoskedasticity and the need to retransform using a Duan smearing estimator for interpreting results [ 20].

The costs included will be program costs, direct medical costs and indirect costs measured in their natural units and transformed to costs using real prices and standard reimbursement of expense tariffs.

For better comparison of costs across studies, the data were transformed: (1) costs were inflated to 2011 using a country-specific gross domestic product deflator, which takes fluctuating exchange rates, different purchasing power of currencies and the rate of inflation into account 12 13 and (2) converted to USD using purchasing power parities (PPP).