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Both pre- and post-stress root length were log transformed, achieving very close fits to normal distributions of residuals.
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The Filterbank + MDCT block takes the PCM samples and applies filtering and the MDCT transform, achieving a set of unquantized MDCT coefficients.
Our best implementation of a one-level two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform achieves a throughput of 66.8 megapixels per second using 7726 logic elements.
Hence the Hartley transform achieves a tradeoff point between the energy concentration feature (which is crucial for any transform domain for compression purposes) and the even distribution and spreading feature (which is crucial for watermarking and data hiding applications).
Different from the conventional method which requires lens to perform the Fourier transform for achieving Hartley transform, the proposed new optical architecture of Hartley transform is based on the Fresnel diffraction which requires no Fourier transform lenses.
New-designed mathematical model by coordinate system transforming achieves the tracking of single simulative photon.
Simple log10 transforms achieved data normalization and decreased the sensitivity of the techniques at all three facilities in this study.
Prior to all statistical analyses (RDA), chemical and deposition variables, stream width, lake area, and altitude were log-transformed and proportional catchment land use/vegetation cover variables were arcsine square-root transformed to achieve normal distribution (SAS).
Where necessary, data were natural log or square root transformed to achieve normal distributions.
Therefore, in data preprocessing, some of the variables were transformed to achieve reduced skewness.
To smooth data using this model, it is necessary for the data to be stationary or can be transformed to achieve stationarity.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com