The shape of the stress strain curve is due principally to stress-induced martensitic transformation with high-symmetry {7 5 5}β habit planes, and is controlled by oxygen through its effect on the transformation strains and critical shear stress.
The inhibition of transformation with higher substrate concentrations could be possibly explained on the basis of toxic effects, inhibition of the growth and metabolic activity by increased concentration of the transformation substrates [ 24].
While progress has been made in the last few years, it is still unclear how to perform arbitrary transformations with high fidelity and near unitary efficiency in a fast and reliable way.
This is because nature uses exquisite enzyme reaction sequences, conducts many chemical transformations with high regio- and stereospecificity, leading to the formation of secondary metabolites [13].
Digital image correlation at submicron length scales enables mapping of transformation strains with high confidence.
The results have implications for design of new shape memory alloys that possess low energy barriers for transformation coupled with high barriers for dislocation slip.
We used a transformation matrix with high regularization (1e3 * (first eigenvalue)) to increase signal to noise ratio.
After transformation with the high copy number library, we screened about 30,000 colonies; 62 of them showed some degree of sectoring and were further analyzed.
We demonstrate on realistically simulated data of models and real macromolecular structures that for highly distorted subtomograms, even given a small number of evenly sampled initial angles with a large interval of 60° or 45°, our method can accurately recover true transformation with very high precision.
The transformations proceeded with high levels of chirality transfer.
The increase in transformation efficiency with higher cell densities appeared to be linear, suggesting that transformation was more efficient at increased cell densities and that high cell densities were critical to obtaining high transformation efficiencies in L. lactis.
