After correction for plate-to-plate variation and log-transformation, the frequency distribution of optical density (OD) values was drawn.
The second step is dedicated to the signal transformation in the frequency domain.
Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) rely on a perceptually motivated transformation of the frequency axis.
The time-domain EM responses were computed by sine or cosine transformation from the frequency-domain data.
This transformation changes the frequencies of the formants but preserves the spectrotemporal complexity of the signal.
While the physical enhancement of Agrobacterial infection (microwounding, infiltration) had no positive effect on the transformation frequency, the biochemical one (in vitro preinduction of vir genes) resulted in 4-fold increase in comparison with the conventional protocol (Method A).
Once the transformation is complete, the frequency changes along with zero energy dissipation for sufficiently thin films (t approximately 5 nm) were effectively modeled with the Sauerbrey equation.
It can be argued also that spectral-modeling and wavelet-based synthesis are sampling methods with powerful transformation capabilities in the frequency domain.
These results show that expression of I- SceI increased both the transformation efficiency and the frequency of targeted integration in T. reesei.
The parameters influencing the transformation frequency are systematically investigated, including the concentration of Agrobacterium and acetosyringone, co-cultivation duration, sonication condition and selection pressure of kanamycin.
GUS staining was also carried out to identify the transgenic events and the transformation frequency was calculated by the percentage of GUS positive hairy roots.
