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In this paper, image enhancement is achieved by gray linear transformation (output gray scale and linear transformation of input gray scale) [8]: r=f(r)=ktimes r+b (7).
The transformation output is the result of this transformation process.
The transformation input is identical to the transformation output.
For the subsequent years, the transformation output is determined by projecting the relationship between transformation output and final consumption from the year 2005 onwards.
The transformation output results from converting or using primary energy (for heating or power).
It is assumed that the transformation output and the final energy consumption are directly proportional to each other.
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Three drawbacks existing in the previous papers such as coordinate transformation, same output matrices and BMI problem have been eliminated.
This structural economic transformation moves output from manufacturing to services.
So, the model adopts imperfect transformation of output into domestic sales and exports based on exporters' revenue maximization behaviour.
After this transformation, the output data is called normal score MAF factors (Nleft( x right)); Nleft( x right) = phi^ left( {Mleft( x right)} right) (3).
To account for nonlinear relationships between outputs and factors we apply the log transformation to outputs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com