Sentence examples for transformation of expenditures from inspiring English sources

Logarithmic transformation of expenditures can be used to mitigate the skewness problem, excluding observations with zero expenditure.

Other analyses included using the log transformation of OOP expenditures, OOP spending as a dichotomous variable (yes/no), as well as the supply side factors (availability of health clinics, doctors and nurses) at the municipality level.

Due to the log-transformation of provider expenditures, the parameter estimates in B and Γ, can be used to estimate the percentage change in provider expenditures as a response to either changes in case mix and periodic effects pertaining to the provider (inflation).

Due to the log-transformation of provider expenditures, the parameters can be interpreted as semi-elasticities (i.e. they inform about the percentage change in provider expenditures in response to a change in B, Γ or D).

Multicollinearity was examined via a correlation matrix and multicollinearity diagnostic statistics, from a regression of the covariates set on an "exogenous" variable i.e., a log-transformation of total expenditures.

One approach to handling this data is to undertake two sets of regression: firstly a logistic regression exploring the probability of incurring OOPE, and secondly a linear regression of how much is spent with the subset who reported more than zero expenditure, after logarithmic transformation of that subset.

The second form of expenditures are expenditures for "specialized treatments".

Segments show different interrelationship of expenditures across firms and categories.

Expenditures on drugs account for the biggest proportion of expenditures (36.4%); personnel is the second biggest item of expenditures (21.2%).

Table 4 shows the details of expenditures.

The transformation of a compound from the solid to the liquid state is an endothermic process that requires the expenditure of energy that is usually manifested as heat that the solid absorbs.