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Without insisting on a pictorial image, a tensor is defined as an objective entity having components that change according to a transformation law that is a generalization of the vectorial transformation law but that retains the two key properties of that law.
Transformation law for acceleration: The transformation law for acceleration is linear, but is not homogeneous in the acceleration variable.
The transformation law for the 3-acceleration is much more complicated than that of the 4-acceleration.
Hence the coefficients \ \Gamma^{i}_{jk}(x)\) do not constitute a tensor; they conform to a linear but non-homogeneous transformation law.
Since the transformation law of the projective structure \ \Pi^{\alpha}_{2}(x^{i}, \xi^{\alpha}_{1}\)) has the same inhomogeneous form as the 3-acceleration \(\xi^{\alpha}_{2}\), the difference also transforms linearly and homogeneously.
The inhomogeneity of the transformation law of the 3-acceleration entails that an acceleration that is zero with respect to one coordinate system is not zero with respect to another coordinate system.
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The corresponding compensator can be directly calculated and thus efficiently implemented from the model by analytical transformation laws.
From a physics standpoint, this amounts to arranging fields in multiplets with respect to the conformal group but with novel Weyl transformation laws.
As an example consider the transformation laws for the 4-velocity and the 4-acceleration.
In such a situation, tangent vectors, or more generally, tensors at two different points \(x^{i}\) and \(x^{i} + dx^{i}\), obey different transformation laws; consequently, their difference is not a tensor.
This shows that while the differential topological structure of spacetime gives us sufficient structure to do calculus and to derive the transformation laws for 4-velocities and 4-accelerations by way of simple differentiation, it does not provide sufficient structure with which to determine a standard of zero 4-acceleration.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com