Sentence examples for transformation and clonal from inspiring English sources

MF involves the transformation and clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and dysregulation of their associated cytokine signaling pathways.

Transformation and clonal proliferation of T-cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) cause adult T-cell leukemia.

Furthermore, forced expression of CD22ΔE12 in transgenic mice causes fatal BPL, demonstrating that CD22ΔE12 alone is sufficient as an oncogenic driver lesion for malignant transformation and clonal expansion of B-cell precursors (Uckun et al., unpublished data, 2014).

For a better understanding, we have generated a new figure, summarizing the handling of tobacco BY-2 cells, their transformation and clonal selection, as well as the maintenance of clones with wanted properties, e.g., high fluorescence intensities of both GFP and RFP fusion proteins.

The effectively immortalized lymphocyte may then persist in the body for years, increasing the likelihood that the cell will acquire additional mutations leading to full neoplastic transformation and the accumulation of clonal cells that may result in clinical symptoms of malignant disease (Voutsadakis 2000).

Over-production of apoptotic inducing cytokines by T cells triggers BM failure and has been shown to lead to transformation through clonal selection and adaption of resistant HSC which are able to survive in this modified BM microenvironment [ 15].

Such a phenomenon can explain in part but other possibilities may also exist for the loss, such as the limitation of cloning efficiency when ligating cDNAs into vector during cDNA library construction, and clonal loss during library transformation etc.

The alteration of gene expression cascades due to the activity of the fusion proteins may be essential for the DNA hypomethylation pattern in patients with t(1 19) and the other translocations, which presumably occur in the early stages of leukemic transformation and are maintained through cellular division and clonal evolution.

The most common mechanisms of resistance to imatinib include BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations, amplification, and overexpression of the BCR-ABL oncogene, and clonal evolution with activation of additional transformation pathways.

On one hand, aneuploidy impairs cell growth and transformation [21]– [23]; however, aneuploidy, with aid from oncogenic mutations, may also enable the transformed cells to undergo changes and adaptation, evolution, and clonal selection to promote tumor progression [12], [15], [24].

These complications resulted from insertional mutagenesis and clonal dominance that led to irreversible cellular transformation.