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Given the knowledge of the background statistics, we can transform the background and sensor noise model Φ b i + w i ∼ N ( 0, Φ Σ b Φ T + σ 2 I ) discussed in (1) to a simple white Gaussian noise model by multiplying the observations zi, i∈{1,…,M}, by the whitening filterC Φ ≜(Φ ΣbΦT + σ2I −1/2.
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In other words, upwelling growth transforms the background into a two-dimensional problem.
@Adrianopoliz.
For the first time, we transform the equilibrium problem of the background neural network with firing rate into a root problem of a cubic equation.
The analysis shows that the AD regime has not been transformed against the background of changing landscape expectations and that the DMD regime did change, but under the condition of maturation.
Hence, the normalization transforms the matching level in the background to ξ.
The acoustic signals collected by sensors are de-noised by wavelet transform to eliminate the background noises, and time-frequency analysis is used to analyze the characteristics of frequency domain.
Then the magnetic vector signals generated by the near-surface magnetic interference sources are calculated using the measured magnetic gradient signals based on the phase shift theorem of discrete cosine transform (DCT), and the background geomagnetic vector field is obtained by subtracting the inversed magnetic anomaly vector signals from the measured magnetic vector signals.
It is common practice to transform, normalize and background correct the intensities from DNA arrays although there is no widespread agreement on the best procedures (Allison et al. 2006).
MSP transforms the feature space of data to maximize the separation between target and background signals.
From the log transformed and background corrected median signal intensities, the fold change between treated and untreated samples was calculated for every gene at each time point.
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